This book addresses why Shias combine prayers. It provides a scholarly, historical, and legal (Fiqh) explanation, drawing from the Holy Quran, traditions, and comparative religious texts to clarify this common practice in Shia Islam.

Part 5 of 'The Book of Sulaym Bin Qays Al-Hilali.' This book continues the narrative on early Islamic history, discussing the roles of key personalities, moral lessons, and the awaited Imam Mahdi (as) from a Shia perspective.

Kamal Al Syyed's biography of Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi. This book recounts the life of the historical figure who avenged the martyrdom of Imam Husayn and the Karbala tragedy.

Ayatullah Sayyed Mohammad Saeed Al-Hakeem's guide on How To Pray (Salat). This book provides a clear and accessible guide to the rules (Fiqh) and spiritual aspects of prayer, ideal for young readers and new Muslims.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's book on 'Khums' (the Islamic tax). It explains the legal and moral principles of this fund, its role in a just society, and its spiritual significance, suitable for young readers and scholars.

Ayatullah Baqir Sharif Al Qarashi's biography of Prophet Muhammad (saww). It celebrates the Prophet as the greatest liberator, exploring his historical, spiritual, and moral impact as a key personality in Islamic history.

Azizullah Afshar Kermani probes the meaning of 'light' in the Quran and Hadith. This book provides a deep spiritual and moral analysis of light as a divine symbol, drawing from traditions and comparative religion to illuminate the sacred texts.

Ayatullah Muhammed Taqi Misbah Yazdi presents an outline of governance from a Quranic perspective. This book explores the political and legal system of Islam, drawing on the Holy Quran, traditions, and moral principles of leadership and justice.

Ayatullah Syed Ali Khamenei's book on Monotheism (Tawhid). This foundational text explores the oneness of God through the Holy Quran, history, and laws (Fiqh), providing a spiritual and moral guide to this central Islamic belief for all readers.

Ayatullah Baqir Sadr and Ayatullah Mutahhari discuss the awaited savior, Imam Mahdi (as). This book provides a scholarly and philosophical look at the role of the Imam, drawing on history and traditions to explain his importance.

Abu Muhammad Zaynul Abidin's Soaring To The Only Beloved. A profound spiritual guide to gnosis and the ultimate spiritual journey of the soul towards its Creator, Allah (SWT).

Jameel Kermalli offers 25 strategies and a 30-day workbook to improve concentration in prayer (Salat). This practical guide helps young and adult readers achieve spiritual focus in their daily prayers.

Ayatullah Husain Mazaheri reveals the spiritual secrets of Hajj. This book goes beyond the rituals, exploring the deeper meanings of the pilgrimage to Mecca and its lessons in morals, supplication, and divine law.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 2. This book continues the exploration of the divine text, providing historical, spiritual, and scientific insights for a comprehensive understanding.

Muhammad Ali Shomali explores Imam Husayn The Heir Of Prophet Abraham. This book provides a theological, historical, and spiritual analysis of their shared legacy, drawing from the Holy Quran and traditions of Karbala.

Muhammad Rida Al Muzaffar explores the Ahl al-Bayt in the Quran and Prophet's traditions. This book provides a historical and spiritual look at the Prophet's family, from their biographies to their connection with Imam Mahdi, suitable for all readers.

Shaykh Muslim Bhanji's book on understanding the Holy Quran. It provides a moral and spiritual guide to the sacred text, drawing from history and traditions to help readers gain a deeper appreciation for the divine messages and their lessons for daily life.

Muhammad Ali Shomali's reflections on Dua al-Iftitah. This book provides spiritual commentary on the supplication, connecting its words to the Holy Quran, Imam Mahdi (as), and the core morals of a believer's life.

Ayatullah Muhammed Taqi Misbah Yazdi's 'Provisions for the Journey,' Vol. 2. This spiritual book, also known as 'Mishkat,' offers guidance on the hereafter, laws (Fiqh), traditions, and wisdom from the Holy Quran, preparing believers for their final journey.

Ayatullah Syed Ali Khamenei's interpretation of Surah al-Hamd. This book provides a detailed commentary on the opening chapter of the Holy Quran, offering profound spiritual and theological insights for Muslims.

Sakina Hassan Askari's The Holy Quran And The Month Of Ramadhan. A simple guide to the Holy Quran and the spiritual significance of its revelation during the holy month of Ramadan for young readers.

Yasin T Al Jabouri's The Quran Translation Br Shakir Editing Br Yasin Al Jibouri. A translation of the Holy Quran edited for clarity, making the divine message accessible to English readers.

Ahmed H. Sheriff's Moral Stories For Kids. A collection of engaging stories specifically written to teach children Islamic morals, ethics, and good character.

Imam Muhammad Shirazi's historical study on the compilation of the Quran. This book provides a clear account of when and how the Holy Quran was compiled, addressing common questions about its preservation.

Syed Abdal Husayn Sharaf Din Musawi's Al Nass Wal Ijtihad explores the conflict between revealed texts (Nass) and independent reasoning (Ijtihad). This book is a fundamental text in Shia jurisprudence, covering laws, morals, and traditions.

Sayyed Hussain Sheikh Al-Islami Tooyserkani provides advice on Taqwa (Piety). This book presents examples of piety from the Ahl al-Bayt and the Holy Quran, serving as a spiritual guide for developing a righteous character.

Ayatullah Abul Qasim Al-Khoei's book 'Zawahir al-Quran' explores the authority of the literal meanings of the Holy Quran. This scholarly work provides a deep look at Quranic exegesis, traditions, and the historical context of its interpretation.

This book offers a comparative glance at the Holy Quran and the Gospel. It examines their spiritual and theological similarities and differences, providing a valuable resource for interfaith dialogue and comparative religious studies.

Mahmood G. Dhalla's commentary on the 'Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.' This book explores Imam Ali b. Al-Husayn's supplications, offering profound spiritual wisdom, morals, and stories from the Holy Quran, an essential guide for devotion.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 1. This book offers a historical, spiritual, and scientific approach to understanding the divine message, making it a valuable resource for students of the Quran.

A concordance of the Holy Quran. This book serves as a reference tool for studying the Quran, helping readers find specific verses and topics on morals, spirituality, and supplications (Dua) for a deeper understanding of the divine text.

Aga Mahdi Puya's 'Tafsir Of Holy Quran Surah 1 To 5'. The first volume of his commentary, focusing on the initial chapters of the Holy Quran, offering scholarly interpretation and spiritual insights.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi celebrates World's Most Outstanding Lady: Fatima Zahra. This biography highlights her unique spiritual status, morals, and role as a model woman in Islam.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi offers 150 Lessons For Life. This book provides practical moral, spiritual, and traditional guidance for living a righteous life, suitable for young readers and anyone seeking self-improvement.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's 'Sexual Problems Of Youths'. This guide addresses sexual issues faced by youth from a legal (Fiqh) and moral standpoint, offering Islamic guidance for healthy lifestyles.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's Man And The Holy Quran. This philosophical book explores the profound relationship between humanity and the Holy Quran, emphasizing the Quran as a guide for spiritual and moral excellence.

Ayatullah Dastaghaib Shirazi's work on Islamic ethics and morals. This book provides a clear guide to spiritual and moral development, offering wisdom and teachings on living a righteous lifestyle according to Islam.

Sahifah al-Razawiyyah' is a book of supplications (Dua) from Imam Ali Ibn Moosa al-Rida. This spiritual guide provides profound prayers from the eighth Shia Imam, perfect for readers seeking a stronger connection to Allah and the Holy Quran.

Ehsan Sadiq Al-Lawati's book on Worship And Slavery in the Way Of Allah. This book provides moral and spiritual insights on the true meaning of servitude to God, offering a guide to a righteous and sincere lifestyle.

Ehsan Sadiq Al-Lawati's book on Features Of Divine Upbringing. It explores the moral and spiritual features of a faith-based education, drawing from the Holy Quran and traditions to guide parents and mentors in nurturing a righteous character.

Ehsan Sadiq Al-Lawati's book on Guidance And Deviation. It explores the path to righteousness as defined in the Holy Quran and traditions, contrasting it with moral and spiritual deviation from a philosophical and scientific perspective.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari introduces 'Ilm al-Kalam,' Islamic theology. This book explains the rational defense of religious beliefs, drawing on Quran, traditions, and science to address questions of faith and the hereafter.

Ayatullah Muhammed Taqi Misbah Yazdi discusses the status of Tawhid (monotheism) in Islam. This book explores the ideological and moral significance of Tawhid, drawing from the Holy Quran and traditions to explain its central role in Islamic values and science.

A selection of chapters from 'Usul al-Kafi' by Mohammed ibn Yaqoob Al Kulayni. This book offers core traditions (Hadith) on Allah (SWT), the Holy Quran, spirituality, morals, and supplications, a foundational text in Shia Islam.

This book examines the 'Verse of Purification' (Ayat al-Tathir) from the Holy Quran. It uses historical and spiritual evidence from traditions to prove that the verse refers specifically to the Ahl al-Bayt, a key topic in comparative religion.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's book on Hazrat Lady Zahra (sa) And the Heart Rending Episode Of Fadak. This historical work explores the political and spiritual dimensions of the event, highlighting the personality and rights of women in Islam.

Thomas Mcelwain's 'Invitation To Islam A Survival Guide' for new Muslims. This book offers spiritual, moral, and scientific insights from the Holy Quran, providing a comparative religious framework for understanding the faith.

Volume 13 of Allama Muhammad Husain Tabatabai's Tafsir Al Mizan. This comprehensive Quranic commentary covers history, morals, spirituality, science, and comparative religious thought, offering a rich and scholarly interpretation of the Holy Quran.

A translation of the Holy Quran by Shakir M. H. This book provides a clear rendering of the sacred text, making its divine message, spiritual teachings, and moral guidance accessible to all readers.

Syed Murtaza Askari's book on the 'Verse of Purification' (Ayat al-Tathir). This scholarly work uses the Holy Quran and Hadith to explain this verse's significance and its direct reference to the Ahl al-Bayt.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 7. This book explores the Quran's divine teachings through a comparative religious lens, offering moral, scientific, and spiritual insights for modern readers.

Aga Mahdi Puya's book on the Genuineness Of The Holy Quran. This work provides a spiritual and scientific defense of the Quran's authenticity, offering compelling arguments for its divine origin and preservation, suitable for all readers.

Ustadh Muhammad Wa'idh Zadeh Khurasani's book on Types Of Unity In The Quran And Disunity. It examines the different types of unity found in the Quran and highlights the moral and spiritual importance of harmony in the Islamic community.

Syed Murtaza Askari's book on the 'Verse of Purification' (Ayat al-Tathir). This scholarly work uses the Holy Quran and Hadith to explain this verse's significance and its direct reference to the Ahl al-Bayt.

Akram Dayyani's book offers A Glimpse Into The Melodiousness Of The Quran. It explores the spiritual and scientific aspects of the Holy Quran's recitations, highlighting the beauty and impact of its divine words.

Ayatullah Abul Qasim Al-Khoei's 'Al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran: The Prolegomena.' This book lays the foundational principles of Quranic exegesis (Tafsir), blending spirituality, science, and morals to provide a comprehensive method for interpreting the Holy Quran.

A collection of 40 Hadith from the Noble Quran. This book provides a thematic selection of traditions, connecting them to morals and spirituality to offer a comprehensive guide to understanding divine wisdom through the Holy Quran and history.

Muhsin Qaraati's Radiance Of The Secrets Of Prayer. A spiritual commentary that delves into the profound inner meanings and secrets of the Islamic ritual prayer (Salat).

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's 'Wahi aur Nabuwat' (Revelation and Prophethood). This book explores the nature of divine revelation and the role of prophets through Quranic stories, history, and scientific analysis, essential for Islamic studies.

A beginner's guide to the alphabets of the Holy Quran. This book is a great resource for young readers and new students, introducing them to the sacred text, its blessings, and the supplications associated with its study.

Kamal Al Syyed's biography of Musab Al Khair. This book explores the life of this companion of the Prophet, highlighting his early sacrifices and role in Islamic history and personal development.

Kamal Al Syyed's biography of Saeed Bin Jubayr. This book details the life of this devoted companion, known for his knowledge and ultimate martyrdom in Islamic history.

Kamal Al Syyed's biography of Salman Al Muhammadi. This book details the life of this famous companion of the Prophet, highlighting his spiritual journey and role in Islamic history.

The third and final book of an advanced Islamic correspondence course. By Syed Muhammad Rizvi, this guide covers complex topics like the Holy Quran, laws, history, women in Islam, science, and the awaited Imam Mahdi (as), perfect for serious students.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 6. This book provides spiritual, moral, and scientific insights from the divine text, blending Hadith and supplications to enrich a reader's understanding and family life.

Sayyid Ali Husaini Milani's book addresses distortions in the Hadith of Thaqalain. This scholarly work uses historical and Quranic evidence to defend the authenticity of this key Shia tradition, a vital resource for comparative religious study.

A comprehensive guide to Islamic laws (Fiqh) from Sheikh Husain Wahid Khorasani. This book covers a wide range of topics from Quran, Allah (SWT), family, marriage, women, and supplication, essential for daily religious life.

Ayatullah Mohammed Reyshahri explores the status of children in the Quran and Sunnah. This book provides guidance on parenting and family life from an Islamic perspective, rooted in divine teachings and traditions.

Allama Mohd Baqir Majlisi's 'Haqqul Yaqeen' is a comprehensive compendium of Twelver Shia beliefs. This book provides a detailed and authoritative account of Shia theology, drawing from the Quran, traditions, and philosophy to explain core doctrines.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's Commentary - Tafsir Of Suratul Jinn. A spiritual and scholarly commentary on Surah Al-Jinn of the Holy Quran, offering profound insights into the unseen world.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi answers 110 questions ('Sawal wa Jawab'). This book covers a range of topics from Quran, Allah (SWT), laws (Fiqh), morals, and spirituality in an accessible question-and-answer format.

Allama Muhammad Husain Tabatabai's book, 'Deeni Taleem,' provides a foundation in religious education. It covers Islamic beliefs, Quranic studies, morals, and comparative religion, offering a comprehensive view of Islam in the modern world.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's introduction to Islamic theology ('Ilm al-Kalam'). This book examines the rational and philosophical arguments for core Islamic beliefs, providing a scholarly and spiritual approach to the study of God (SWT) and the Holy Quran.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's Urdu book 'Insaan Quran ki Nazar Main' (Man in the Eyes of the Quran). It provides a spiritual and scientific view of humanity as described in the Holy Quran, essential for understanding man's purpose and destiny.

Ayatullah Mohammed Reyshahri's Urdu book on the Ahlul Bayt, 'Ahlulbayt Kitab wa Sunnat ki Roshni main' (Ahlul Bayt in the Light of the Quran and Sunnah). It explores the status and teachings of the Prophet's family through sacred texts.

Aga Mahdi Puya's tafsir of Holy Quran, Surah 71-114. This extensive commentary covers the final chapters, offering insights into God (SWT), Islamic law, and traditions for comprehensive study.

Ayatullah Abul Qasim Al-Khoei's scholarly work on the collection and preservation of the Holy Quran. This historical and academic book examines the authenticity and compilation process of the Quranic text.

Syed Muhammad Rizvi's book on the infallibility of prophets as per the Quran. This work analyzes the lives and character of prophets, providing a detailed and scholarly look into their divinely protected nature in Islam.

Ayatullah Jafar Subhani's introduction to the science of Tafsir. This book provides a foundational understanding of the principles and methods of Quranic exegesis for scholars and students of the Holy Quran.

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's 'One Hundred Fifty Lessons For Life'. This collection of 150 maxims offers moral and spiritual advice for self-improvement and living a purposeful Islamic lifestyle.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's 'Sociology Of The Quran Part 1'. This book analyzes the sociological laws and principles found in the Holy Quran, offering a philosophical and scientific view of society and social change.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's 'Sociology Of The Quran Part 2'. This book continues the analysis of social dynamics and laws within the Holy Quran, applying philosophical and scientific tools to Islamic teachings.

Ridwanah Siddiqe Alawi's A Probe Into The Purport And Application Of The Verse Of Love. A scholarly analysis of the Quranic verse of love (Mawaddah), detailing its spiritual and legal significance for the Ahlul Bayt.

Dr. Gary Miller's analysis of the Holy Quran, highlighting its scientific and literary miracles. This book provides a compelling intellectual argument for the divinity of the Quran, a must-read for believers and non-believers.

A comparative study by Maurice Bucaille on the Bible, the Quran, and modern science. This book examines the compatibility of the Quran with scientific findings, making a strong case for its divine origin in comparative religion.

Shaikh Fadhlalla Haeri's commentary on four Surahs, focusing on the Quran's mercy and the advent of 'Zaman.' This book offers deep spiritual insights and a unique perspective on Quranic themes and eschatology.

Ali Quli Qarai's guide to the Quran and its translators. This book provides an overview of different translations of the Holy Quran, highlighting the challenges and nuances involved in conveying its divine message.

Syed Saeed Akhtar Rizvi's book on the protection of the Quran from alteration. This work provides a theological and historical argument for the divine preservation of the Holy Quran, reassuring Muslims of its authenticity.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari guides readers to Understanding The Uniqueness Of Quran. This scholarly book highlights the miraculous and profound nature of the Holy Quran and its spiritual wisdom.

Sayyid Mustafa Al Musawi's Fawaid E Quran (Benefits of the Quran). This book explores the spiritual and practical benefits of reciting and reflecting upon the Holy Quran.

Shahnwaz Mahdavi's Forty Ahadith On Salat. A collection of 40 traditions (Hadith) focused on the spiritual and moral importance of Islamic prayer (Salat).

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's Khums - A Support For Financial Independence Part 3. The final part of the legal (Fiqh) series detailing the purpose, rulings, and social benefits of the Islamic tax (Khums).

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's Khums - A Support For Financial Independence Part 2. The second part of the legal (Fiqh) series detailing the purpose, rulings, and social benefits of the Islamic tax (Khums).

Ayatullah Nasir Makarim Shirazi's Khums - A Support For Financial Independence Part 1. The introductory part of the legal (Fiqh) series explaining the foundation, rulings, and social benefits of the Islamic tax (Khums).

A scholarly book addressing the Danger Of Self Interpretation Of Quran. This text argues for the necessity of proper Quranic exegesis (Tafsir) to avoid misconceptions and doctrinal errors.

Ayatullah Jawadi Amuli's The Islamic System Of Judiciary In The Quran. This scholarly work explores the principles of justice, law, and the judicial system from the perspective of the Holy Quran.

Ayatullah Jawadi Amuli's commentary on theistic arguments. This book addresses logical and philosophical proofs for the existence of God, drawing from the Holy Quran, traditions, and various scientific and comparative religious perspectives.

Ayatullah Muhammad Baqir Al Sadr introduces a thematic approach to Quranic exegesis (Tafsir). This book revolutionizes the study of the Holy Quran, offering a systematic method to understand its diverse topics, from spirituality to science.

Ayatullah Muhammad Baqir Al Sadr delves into the philosophy of Islamic rites. This scholarly work explores the reasons and wisdom behind religious practices, blending spiritual insight with scientific and Quranic reasoning.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's book 'Khatam-e-Nabuwat' (The Seal of Prophethood). It explores the theological and historical arguments for Prophet Muhammad (saww) being the last Prophet, drawing from the Holy Quran, biography, and history.

Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi's 'Muqadama e Quran Majeed' (Introduction to the Holy Quran). This book is an Urdu scholarly introduction to the Holy Quran, covering its context, traditions (Hadith), and spiritual significance, essential for comparative study and scientific inquiry.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari's book, 'Quran Fahmi' (Understanding the Quran). This work provides a method for comprehending the Holy Quran, blending spiritual insight with intellectual and scientific inquiry for a deeper appreciation of the holy text.

Syed Mohd Husayn Jalali's book on the Ahl al-Bayt, exploring their meaning and origin. This work uses traditions and history to establish the role and status of the Prophet's family, including Imam Mahdi (as), a key topic in Shia belief.

A collection of supplications (Dua) for the month of Ramadan. This book provides prayers and traditions from the Holy Quran to help believers enhance their worship, morals, and spirituality during this blessed month.

The first book of an advanced Islamic correspondence course by Syed Muhammad Rizvi. It delves into complex topics on God (SWT), the Holy Quran, laws (Fiqh), and spirituality, an essential resource for serious students and young readers alike.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 3. This book examines the text through history, law (Fiqh), morals, and traditions, providing a scholarly and spiritual guide for readers.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 4. This book provides a rich analysis of the Quran's history, morals, traditions, and supplications (Dua), making it a valuable resource for comparative religious studies.

Ali Muhammad Fazil Chinoy's translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, Set 5. This book offers spiritual and historical insights into divine messages, with a focus on family life, women in Islam, and the power of supplication (Dua).

Shaikh Sadooq's 'Illal al-Sharaie,' Vol. 1, Part 2. This book provides a scholarly look at the reasons behind Islamic laws, drawing from the Holy Quran, history, traditions, and science, offering a comprehensive view of Fiqh.

Shaikh Sadooq's 'Illal al-Sharaie,' Vol. 1, Part 3. This book continues to explore the reasons for Islamic laws (Fiqh) from the Holy Quran, history, and traditions, providing a deep understanding of the purpose behind religious commands.

Shaikh Sadooq's 'Illal al-Sharaie,' Vol. 1, Part 4. This book continues the discussion of the wisdom behind Islamic laws (Fiqh), touching on comparative religion, morals, and the hereafter, offering a broad perspective on divine commands.

Ayatullah Dastaghaib Shirazi's 'Moral Values Of Quran - Surah Hujurat'. This book is a commentary focusing on the moral and social lessons within Surah Hujurat, providing a guide to Islamic ethics.

Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari analyzes Jihad in Islam. This book examines the Holy Quran's perspective on Jihad's legitimacy, distinguishing between its spiritual and defense-oriented aspects, essential for Islamic ethics and history.

An in-depth analysis of the Islamic prayer (Salat) by Muhsin Qaraati. This spiritual commentary explores the inner dimensions and philosophy of this fundamental pillar of Islam.

A concise overview of the Holy Quran by Jawad Al Ansari. This book touches upon the main themes and stories, making it a great resource for quick spiritual and religious reference.

An essential reference tool for Quranic study by Syed Ammar Shah. This book provides an alphabetical index of topics and words, simplifying research and understanding of the Holy Quran.

The first volume of a comprehensive Quran commentary by Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani. This enlightening work provides deep insights and explanations of the Holy Quran's verses.

Volume 10 of Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani's comprehensive Quran commentary. This scholarly work provides profound explanations of the Quran's text and meaning.

Volume 11 of Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani's comprehensive Quran commentary. This scholarly work provides profound explanations of the Quran's text and meaning.

Volume 12 of Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani's comprehensive Quran commentary. This scholarly work provides profound explanations of the Quran's text and meaning.

Volume 13 of Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani's comprehensive Quran commentary. This scholarly work provides profound explanations of the Quran's text and meaning.

Volume 14 of Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani's comprehensive Quran commentary. This scholarly work provides profound explanations of the Quran's text and meaning.

Volume 15 of Ayatullah Syed Kamal Imani's comprehensive Quran commentary. This scholarly work provides profound explanations of the Quran's text and meaning.